Who is best known for the theory of evolution?

Charles Darwin is best known for the theory of evolution due to his groundbreaking work on natural selection, which he articulated in his seminal book "On the Origin of Species," published in 1859. In this work, Darwin proposed that species evolve over time through a process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully than those that are less well adapted. This theory fundamentally changed the understanding of biological diversity and the development of life on Earth.

Darwin's extensive observations during his voyage on the HMS Beagle, particularly those made in the Galápagos Islands, provided him with crucial evidence for his theories. By meticulously studying variations among species and their adaptations to different environments, he formulated a scientific foundation that connected biology to the principles of evolution. This influence has made his contributions central to modern biology and has established him as one of the most significant figures in the scientific community regarding the understanding of life on Earth.