Which term is associated with the identification of individuals based on their unique DNA patterns?

The identification of individuals based on their unique DNA patterns is known as DNA fingerprinting. This process analyzes specific regions of DNA that vary greatly among individuals, allowing for the creation of a genetic profile that is unique to each person (except for identical twins). DNA fingerprinting is heavily relied upon in forensic science for crime scene investigation, paternity testing, and genetic diversity studies. This method exploits the fact that certain DNA sequences are highly polymorphic, meaning they differ from person to person, making it a reliable approach for distinguishing between individuals.

Genetic coding refers to the way genetic information is stored in the sequences of nucleotides in DNA but does not pertain to identification techniques. Biometric scanning encompasses various methods of identifying individuals based on biological traits, such as fingerprints or facial recognition, but does not specifically relate to DNA. Gene sequencing involves determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule, providing information about the genetic make-up of an organism, yet it is not specifically aimed at individual identification in the context of unique DNA patterns.