Which planet is known for having the hottest surface temperature in the solar system?

C is the correct choice because Venus holds the title for the hottest surface temperature in the solar system, with average temperatures around 467 degrees Celsius (872 degrees Fahrenheit). This extreme heat primarily results from a thick atmosphere composed mostly of carbon dioxide, along with clouds of sulfuric acid, which create a powerful greenhouse effect. Although Mercury is closer to the Sun, it lacks a significant atmosphere to trap heat, leading to wide temperature fluctuations rather than consistently high temperatures. Earth has a moderate climate due to its balanced atmosphere, and Mars, being further from the Sun and having a thin atmosphere, has much cooler surface temperatures. Therefore, the combination of Venus's thick atmosphere and proximity to the greenhouse effect makes it the hottest planet in our solar system.