What term describes the inter-molecular forces that influence physical properties of substances?

The term that describes the inter-molecular forces influencing the physical properties of substances is Van der Waals forces. These forces are a broader category that includes various types of attractions between molecules, including dipole-dipole interactions and London dispersion forces (which arise from temporary shifts in electron density).

Van der Waals forces play a critical role in determining boiling points, melting points, and solubility of substances. They are generally weaker than the other types of bonds mentioned, which include hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and covalent bonds—these are primarily intramolecular forces that hold atoms together within a molecule or a compound.

Understanding Van der Waals forces gives insight into phenomena such as the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids, as well as the interactions that lead to the formation of clusters or the solvation of molecules.