What phenomenon refers to the trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere?

The phenomenon that refers to the trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere is known as the greenhouse effect. This effect occurs when certain gases, often called greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation from the Earth’s surface. This process helps to maintain the planet's temperature by preventing some of the heat from escaping back into space, thus contributing to a stable climate that can support life.

In contrast, while the ozone layer is critical for protecting living organisms from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, it does not play a direct role in heat retention. Pollution involves various harmful substances released into the environment, which can affect air quality and climate but does not specifically refer to the heat-trapping process. Weathering describes the breaking down and alteration of rocks and minerals from exposure to atmospheric conditions, and it is unrelated to atmospheric heat retention. The greenhouse effect is essential for understanding climate change and the natural balance of Earth’s systems.