What is the role of an insulator in a scientific context?

An insulator serves a critical function by preventing the flow of electricity through a material. This property is essential in various applications, such as electrical wiring, where insulators are used to coat wires, ensuring that electric current flows safely through the conductive material inside without leaking out. By inhibiting the movement of charged particles, insulators protect against unwanted electrical discharges, which can cause short circuits or electrical hazards.

In the context of thermal transfer, insulators also play a similar role by limiting heat flow, which is vital in applications such as building insulation and thermal barriers. However, the primary focus in the context of electrical applications is the ability to prevent electrical flow, ensuring safety and efficiency in electrical systems.