What does percolation refer to?

Percolation refers specifically to the process of filtering liquids through a porous material, which allows the liquid to move downward through the material, often in a way that removes impurities. This process is particularly relevant in various scientific fields, including environmental science and soil science, where water infiltrates soil and filters through layers, resulting in the natural purification of water.

In this context, percolation plays a critical role in understanding groundwater recharge, the movement of water through ecosystems, and the functioning of filtration systems. The ability to separate particulates and contaminants from liquids through percolation underlines its importance in both natural processes and engineered systems.