What does condensation refer to in scientific terms?

Condensation is the process through which a substance transitions from a gas to a liquid state. Typically, this occurs when gas particles lose energy and come closer together, resulting in a reduction in volume. For example, when water vapor cools, it often condenses into droplets of liquid water on surfaces. This phenomenon commonly occurs in the atmosphere, leading to the formation of clouds and dew.

The concept of making something smaller aligns well with the nature of condensation since gas molecules that are spread out and less dense come together, thereby occupying a smaller volume as they transition into the liquid state. Understanding condensation is crucial in various scientific fields, including meteorology and meteorological phenomena, as well as in everyday occurrences such as the formation of dew or fog.