What distinguishes phloem from xylem in plants?

Phloem is distinguished from xylem in plants primarily by its function in the transportation of nutrients, specifically carbohydrates such as sugars, which are produced during photosynthesis. This nutrient transport allows the plant to distribute energy to various parts, including growing tissues and storage organs.

Conversely, xylem is responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, facilitating essential processes such as photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and maintaining plant structure through osmotic pressure. The structures of phloem and xylem also differ; phloem consists of living cells such as sieve tube elements and companion cells, while xylem is composed of dead cells, such as tracheids and vessel elements, designed to withstand high pressure.

The other choices incorrectly attribute the functions of these two plant tissues or mischaracterize their locations. For example, phloem does not solely exist in roots, and saying it is only present there disregards its critical roles in stems and leaves. Similarly, xylem does not just function in leaves, and while the durability comparison may arise from observations of plant structure, it does not accurately reflect the roles of phloem versus xylem. Understanding the distinct role each plays in a