What distinguishes a theory from a law in science?

In scientific terminology, a theory is distinct from a law primarily in its scope and the nature of its formulation. A theory encompasses a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, supported by a body of evidence and subject to testing and refinement through observation and experimentation. Theories can provide insights into why phenomena occur, whereas laws describe consistent patterns observed in nature without explaining the underlying mechanisms.

Thus, the correct answer highlights that a theory is indeed not a law, as theories and laws occupy different roles within the scientific framework. Laws are typically concise statements or equations that describe observed phenomena, while theories provide a broader context, incorporating various observations and giving insight into why those phenomena occur. Understanding this distinction is key to grasping the scientific process and the development of scientific knowledge.